Early Childhood Development

Early Childhood Development

       Childhood

•         The time between birth upto 18 years is called childhood.

•         Early childhood is the time between birth to 5 years (60 months).

•         Early childhood is the most important part of childhood and during this time 95% of brain grows & develops.

•         It is the foundation time of human development.

·          

•         Brain develops from the rostral part of neural tube.

•         Functional units of brain are cells called neurons

•         A single cell connect as many as 15,000 cells 

•         Birth – 30% of adult brain weight ( cells)

•         3 year – 85% of adult brain weight  (mainly by increase in cell connections which can be modified by environment)

•         Difference with animal ---

Child will be, as like parents want         

    

 

•         Brain has areas with specialized cells for simple function eg.

–        Thinking, Problem solving– frontal lobe

–        Seeing --- occipital lobe

–        Speech, Hearing – Temporal lobe

•         Any complex activity--- works by combination of various areas – linked/interconnected by neuronal connections 

•         Before birth brain like telephone set but no connections

•         After birth most of connections develop

•         Brain development after birth by increase in connections

•         Repeated timely interaction with environment shape these connections

•         Before birth: Bain composed of Cells with minimum connection

•         Brain connections mainly increase upto 5 years

•         Connections – birth to 5 years

–        Birth – 100 billion cells, 50 trillion connections

–        3-5 yrs – 100 billion cells, 1000 trillion connections

•         At 14 yr--  100 trillion connections     Pruning

•         BRAIN MOST FERTILE  FROM BIRTH TO 5 YEARS -

•         Brain keep useful connections that are reinforced by  repeated specific interaction at appropriate  time.

•         This Prime times when positive and negative influences have tremendous effect is called windows of opportunity

•         Interactive loving care activate neurons by-

–        Synaptogenesis

–        Reinfocement of connections

–        Development of brain

•         Like repeated walking through  a grass field making a permanent path. 

Nature of interaction

 

•         Age appropriate ( timely)

•         Daily

•         repeated

•         Using all five senses

• At every opportunity

use all five senses of stimulation

Windows of opportunity- Timing

•         Motor-                                                 0-3 yrs

•         Emotional control-      3-18 months

•         Social attachment –     3-12 months

•         Language-                               6m -     2 yrs

•         Math/logic-                              18m-30months

•         Symbols –                               18 mon-30months

•         Music-                                                 3-5 yrs

•         Vision –                                   0-18 months

Practices that interfere

•         Ignoring their needs

•         Breaking trust

•         Push academics soon

•         Not praising good deeds

•         Quarrelling in front of them

•         Physical, mental punishment

•         Age inappropriate  task

• Stepladder for learning

•         Curiosity -----  exploration

•         Exploration  ----- discovery

•         Discovery -----  pleasure

•         Pleasure ------ repetition

•         Repetition  ----- mastery

•         Mastery ----- new skills

•         New skills ----- confidence, security

•         Confidence --- creativity

• Brain development
  during pregnancy

Brain develop by Increase in no of cells

•         Development influenced by maternal-

–        Nutrition– iodine, food-         Ensure supply

–        Mental peace-              maintain

–         Anemia-                                 Correction

–        Smoking, mental stress- Avoid

–        TV, Film, dish-                        Avoid

–        Family quarrel, shouting ,anger- Avoid

•         Child development influenced by-

•         Breast feeding

•         Eye to eye contact

•         Hold finger

•         Bright clothes/toys

•         Body massage

•         Hide & seek play

•         Talk different angle/voice

•         Rhymes

Child development
(7-12 months)

•         Hide

•         Hold object

•         Naming

•         Simple order

•         Colored picture

•         Relatives

•         Environment

•         Food with family

•         Questions

• Child development
  (13-24 months)

•         Body parts. animals

•         Colour, shape

•         Hide & seek

•         Self – eating, brush teeth, hand wash

•         Toilet- proper place

•         Correct pronunciation

• Child development
  (13-24 months)

•         Order simple

•         Allow mix relatives

•         Allow sharing toys

•         Praise for good

•         Tell story by picture

•         Sing/rhyme

•         Never give false promise

Child development
(25-36 months)

•         Help climb

•         Tell story, encourage say story

•         Self skill

•         Count object, animal

•         Hold pencil

•         Colored books

•         Explain right & wrong

•         Idea color, size

•         Take out- plces,relatives

Child development
(37-60 months)

•         Encourage obey rules

•         Teach empathy

•         Creative stories, rhymes

•         Address

•         Give attention to question, answer

•         Allow choose toy, cloths

•         Open shirt button

• Principles
  of
  Development

1. Development is a continuous process from conception to maturity.
2. Development depends on the maturation and myelination of the nervous system.
3. The direction of development is cranio-caudal .

• 4. Certain primitive reflexes anticipate corresponding voluntary movement and have to disappear before the voluntary movement develops.

5. The sequence of development is the same for all children, but the rate of development varies from child to child. eg: a child has to learn to sit before walk, but the age at which children learn to sit and walk varies considerably.